This is based on work done by:
Anneke
Zuiderwijka, Iryna Sushaab, Yannis Charalabidisc,
Peter Parycekd, Marijn Janssena
a Delft University
of Technology, The Netherlands, a.m.g.zuiderwijk-vaneijk@tudelft.nl,
m.f.w.h.a.janssen@tudelft.nl
b Örebro
University, Sweden, iryna.susha@oru.se
c University of the
Aegean, Greece, yannisx@aegean.gr
A. Factors critical for open data
publication by administrations
Categories | Factors |
1 Legislation, regulation and licenses | Having in place a (national) legal framework for open data publication |
Enforce publishing and curating of data on administrations (maybe even through penalties) | |
Provide information about data protection and privacy legislation and how open data can be published in compliance with this legislation | |
Develop a (national) guide on legal Intellectual Property Right (IPR) issues allowing organizations to pick the correct licensing form | |
2 Strategy and political support | Develop a strategy for open data publication at an (inter)national level |
Ensure that (top) management within governmental agencies supports publishing data | |
Generate support of policy-makers for data publication | |
Organize focus groups with heads of departments and open data policy implementers to give both proponents and opponents of open data an auditorium | |
Introduce incentives schemes for public servants (e.g. explain why a data provider would release data, explain what kind of value is created for the data provider) | |
Create consensus between open data publication and the organizational framework for publishing data | |
3 Management support and publication processes within governmental agencies | Define clear process steps for publishing data |
Determine which type of data is important to address societal issues and focus on the publication of these data | |
Start with the publication of data which is interesting for users so that the users see the benefit of open data | |
Determine which data and metadata will and will not be published | |
Determine which standards and vocabularies will be used for data publication | |
Determine which personnel has the key responsibilities for publishing open data | |
Determine where datasets will be published | |
Release only data which is of high quality | |
4 Training of and support for civil servants | Create a virtual competence center which assists in answering questions and helping out with administrative data publication processes |
Provide training on open data publication within governmental agencies (e.g. training on how datasets can be anonymized) | |
Develop information campaigns in which questions about open data publication are discussed | |
Develop information campaigns in which success stories of internal and external open data use are discussed | |
5 Evaluation of the open data initiative | Develop metrics and success indicators for data publication by government departments |
Evaluate the realization of metrics and success indicators as an integral part of the open data initiative | |
6 Sustainability of the open data initiative | Identify the need for data |
Create a strategy for maintaining published datasets | |
Ensure data provision continuity, including timely and automatic updates of data | |
Be transparent towards open data users about the conditions under which data publication takes place | |
7 Collaboration | Arrange meetings with open data users to find out what their needs are and how the data from the governmental agency are used |
Organize internal meetings to discuss the data publication processes and to evaluate them | |
Organize inter-organizational collaboration about and management of open data initiatives | |
Ensure agile and open cooperation with various other organizations (administration, universities, CSO, Open Knowledge Foundation) | |
Organize inter-organizational collaboration (e.g. network meetings) to learn from the open data initiatives of other governmental agencies | |
8 Open data platforms, tools and services | Integrate the open data platform into existing Content Management Systems (CMS) to kick-start the progress |
Have one central portal which combines data from many different governmental organizations (federal level) | |
Implement advanced data search functionalities | |
Use complementary toolsets for performing additional curation tasks (cleaning, linking, visualizing, analyzing) | |
Use a “web 2.0” approach for open data, allowing citizens to post, rate, work with datasets and web services | |
Integrate frameworks for assessing data quality and usability of data and platform, providing continuous feedback to developers and administrations | |
Provide a forum to discuss what can be learned from open data use | |
Develop a clear User Interface (logical symbols, clear setup of the web page, simple design) | |
9 Accessibility, interoperability and standards | Use standards for data, metadata, licenses, URIs and exchange protocols |
Use cloud infrastructures able to gather, manage and publish open data, interoperable with other sources within the country or region | |
Integrate metadata schemas and federated controlled vocabularies for properly categorizing information | |
Provide various types of metadata, in line with metadata standards (e.g. CERIF, CKAN, DC, EGMS, DCAT) | |
Provide Application Programming Interfaces (API’s) for open data provision in the form of service feeds (from open data to open services) | |
Enable multilinguality of metadata and data, allowing for the reuse and integration of data from different countries/languages |
B.
B. Factors critical for open data
use by citizens, entreprises and administrations
Categories | Factors |
10 Legislation, regulation and licenses | Provide information on the meanings and implications of licenses |
Provide information about privacy legislation and how open data can be used in compliance with this legislation | |
11 Success stories | Provide readily available examples of open data use (e.g. apps) to non-experts |
Develop stories of successful open data use | |
Involve community key players to propagate success stories | |
12 Incentives for open data use | Provide incentive schemes to engage citizens in open data usage |
Stimulate the development of specialized, open-data driven startup incubators | |
Stimulate the development of business models to allow enterprises to develop add-on services on top of open data platforms, at a cost | |
Support issue-oriented community building through participatory events | |
Align events, competitions and hackathons with, for example, university curricula, awards, festivals and “direct marketing” | |
13 Training of and support for open data users | Ensure agile, dynamic, and professional support services and training for potential open data users |
Organize events and ensure community building where the potential benefits of open data are communicated to users (e.g. by building scenarios for usage) | |
14 Feedback and sustainability | Provide mechanisms for governmental agencies to know how their data have been reused |
Provide mechanisms for governmental agencies to know what can be learned from the reuse of their data | |
Provide mechanisms for governmental agencies to know how the publication of their data can be improved based on feedback that they received from open data users | |
15 Research and education | Develop university and continuous education curricula on open data |
Develop and maintain research areas roadmaps on open data, in order to consolidate research efforts and address open issues |
